Abagore mu Murimo w’Imana (Women in Ministry)

Igice cya Cumi na Kabiri (Chapter Twelve)

Niba bizwi neza ko abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’itorero ry’Umwami Yesu Kristo ari abagore, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa inshingano yabo bahawe n’Imana mu mubiri wa Kristo. Mu matorero menshi n’imirimo itandukanye y’Imana, abagaragara nk’abakozi b’agaciro cyane, nk’uko akenshi ari na bo benshi mu bayoboye umurimo w’Imana.

Nyamara uruhare rw’abagore si ko bose baruvugaho rumwe. Akenshi usanga abagore bakumīrwa ku nshingano zimwe na zimwe z’umurimo w’Imana mu itorero zirebana no kuvuga n’ubuyobozi. Amatorero amwe yemera ko abagore baba abapastori; amenshi ntabyemera. Amwe yemera ko abagore bigisha mu gihe andi atabyemera. Amatorero amwe abuza abagore kuvuga na rimwe mu materaniro mu rusengero.

Uku kutavuga rumwe kose guturuka ku buryo butandukanye abantu basobanura amagambo ya Pawulo ku birebana n’uruhare rw’abagore ari mu 1 Kor. 14:34-35 na 1 Tim. 2:11-3:7. Ibi Byanditswe ni byo turi bwibandeho muri iri somo ryacu, by’umwihariko ku mpera y’iki gice.

Uhereye ku Itangiriro

(From the Beginning)

Dutangira, reka turebe icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku bagore kuva ku mpapuro zayo zitangira. Abagore, kimwe n’abagabo, baremwe mu ishusho y’Imana:

Imana irema umuntu ngo agire ishusho yayo, afite ishusho yayo ni ko yamuremye, umugabo n’umugore ni ko yabaremye (Itang. 1:27).

Birazwi neza ko Imana yaremye Adamu mbere y’uko irema Eva, kandi ku bwa Pawulo iki ni ikintu gikomeye mu buryo bw’umwuka (reba 1 Tim. 2:3). Nyuma turi buze kureba agaciro uko kuremwa mbere bifite nk’uko bisobanurwa na Pawulo, ariko ntidushobora kubishingiraho ngo tuvuge ko umugabo aruta umugore. Tuzi ko Imana yaremye inyamaswa mbere y’uko irema abantu (reba Itang. 1:24-28), kandi ntawavuga ko inyamaswa ziruta abantu.[1]

Umugore yaremewe kuba umufasha w’umugabo we (reba Itang. 2:18). Ibi na none ntibivuga ko ari we uri hasi, ahubwo byerekana gusa uruhare rwe mu buzima bw’urugo. Umwuka Wera twamuhawe nk’umufasha, ariko nta gushidikanya ko tutamuruta. Ahubwo Umwuka Wera araturuta! Kandi umuntu yanavuga rwose ko kugira ngo Imana ireme umugore abe umufasha w’umugabo we ari ukuvuga ko abagabo bari bakeneye ubufasha/ubutabazi! Ni Imana yavuze ko atari byiza ko umugabo aba wenyine (reba Itang. 2:18). Ibyo byagiye bigaragara ko ari ukuri incuro zitabarika mu mateka aho abagabo bagiye basigara bonyine badafite abagore bo kubafasha.

Kandi ikindi twarangirizaho, tubona mu mpapuro za mbere z’igitabo cy’Itangiriro ko umugore wa mbere yaremwe mu mubiri w’umugabo wa mbere. Yakuwe muri uwo mugabo, bivuga ko hari ikintu aba abura iyo atamufite kandi ko ubusanzwe mu ntangiriro bombi ari umuntu umwe. Ikindi kandi, icyo Imana yatandukanije yari igamije ko cyongera kuba kimwe mu buryo bw’ubusabane mpuzabitsina, uburyo butagamije kororoka gusa, ahubwo no kugaragarizanya urukundo no kwishimana mu buryo bombi baba bakeneranye.

Muri aya masomo yerekeranye n’iremwa byose birerekana ko nta gitsina kiruta ikindi, cyangwa ko hari igifite uburenganzira bwo kugira ubutware ku kindi. Kandi kuba Imana yarageneye inshingano zitandukanye mu rugo/rushako cyangwa mu murimo w’Imana ntaho bihuriye n’uburinganire bwabo n’abagabo muri Kristo, kuko muri We “ntihakiriho umugabo cyangwa umugore” (Gal. 3:28).

Abagore mu Murimo w’Imana mu Isezerano Rya Kera

(Women in Ministry in the Old Testament)

Hamwe n’urwo rufatiro twashyizeho, reka noneho turebe bamwe mu bagore bakoreshejwe n’Imana mu Isezerano Rya Kera kugira ngo basohoze imigambi yayo. Biragaragara cyane ko mu Isezerano rya Kera Imana yahamagaye mbere na mbere abagabo mu murimo wayo, ndetse nk’uko yabigize mu bihe by’Isezerano Rishya. Inkuru z’abagabo nka Mose, Aroni, Yosuwa, Yosefu, Samweli na Dawidi zuzuye impapuro z’Isezerano Rya Kera.

Nyamara abagore benshi bagaragaramo na bo nk’ikimenyetso cyo guhamya ko Imana ishobora guhamagara kandi igakoresha uwo ishatse wese, kandi abagore bambitswe n’Imana imbaraga bashobora umurimo uwo ari wo wose Imana ibahamagariye.

Mbere y’uko tugira umugore tureba by’umwihariko muri abo, reka tubanze tuvuge ko buri mugabo wese wakoreshejwe n’Imana mu buryo bukomeye mu Isezerano rya Kera yabyawe kandi arerwa n’umugore. Mose ntiyari kubaho iyo hataza kubaho umugore witwa Yokebedi (reba Kuva 6:20). Kandi ntihaba harabayeho abandi bagabo b’ibihangange bakoreshejwe n’Imana iyo hataba ba nyina bababyaye. Abagore bahawe inshingano iremereye kandi umurimo w’Imana ukwiriye gushimwa wo kurera abana mu Mana (reba 2 Tim. 1:5)

Yokebedi ntiyari gusa nyina w’abagabo babiri bahamagawe n’Imana, Mose na Aroni, ahubwo yari na nyina w’umugore wahamagawe n’Imana, mushiki wabo, umuhanuzikazi akaba n’umuyobozi wo kuramya no guhimbaza witwa Miriyamu (reba Kuva 15:20). Muri Mika 6:4, Imana yashyize Miriyamu ku rwego rumwe na Mose na Aroni ivuga ko ari umwe mu bayobozi ba Isirayeli:

Nakuzamuye nkuvana mu gihugu cya Egiputa, ndakurokora ngukura mu nzu y’uburetwa, nohereza Mose na Miriyamu imbere yawe.

Birumvikana, uruhare rwa Miriyamu mu buyobozi bwa Isirayeli ntirwari runini nk’urwa Mose. Nyamara nk’umuhanuzikazi, Miriyamu yavugishwaga n’Imana, kandi ndibwira ko nta kosa umuntu yaba afite avuze ko ubutumwa Imana yanyuzaga muri Miriyamu butari ubutumwe ku bagore gusa, ahubwo bwabaga bwohererejwe n’abagabo ba Isirayeli.

Umucamanza w’umugore muri Isirayeli

(A Female Judge Over Israel)

Undi mugore Imana yahagurukije nk’umuyobozi muri Isirayeli ni Debora, wabayeho mu bihe by’abacamanza ba Isirayeli. Na we yari umuhanuzikazi, kandi yabaye umucamanza wa Isirayeli kimwe n’abandi bacamanza bose ba Isirayeli nka ba Gideyoni, Yefuta na Samusoni mu bihe byabo. Tubwirwa ko “Abisirayeli bose bajyaga bamusanga ngo abacire imanza” (Abac 4:5). Nuko rero yafatiraga abagabo ibyemezo, ntabwo ari abagore gusa. Ibi ntidushobora kubyibeshyaho: Umugore yabwiraga abagabo ibyo bagomba gukora, kandi Imana yari yaramusigiye amavuta kubikora.

Nk’abandi bagore bandi benshi Imana ihamagara mu buyobozi, Debora urebye na we yahuye n’umugabo umwe nibura umurushya kubera kunanirwa kwakira Ijambo ry’Imana rinyuze mu kanwa k’umugore. Yitwaga Baraki, kandi kuko yashidikanyaga ku mabwirizwa y’ubuhanuzi Debora yamuhaga ngo ajye ku rugamba atere Sisera umugaba w’ingabo z’Abanyakanani, amubwira ko icyubahiro cyo kwica Sisera kiza kuba icy’umugore. Ibyo yavugaga byari ukuri koko, umugore witwaga Yayeli yibukwa mu Byanditswe nk’umugore watikuye urubambo rw’ihema mu mutwe wa Sisera asinziriye (reba Abac 4). Inkuru irangira Baraki aririmbana na Debora indirimbo y’intsinzi! Ibitero bimwe byuzuye ibisingizo bivuga Debora na Yayeli (reba Abac 5), kandi nyuma byarangiye Baraki yemera ko “abagore bakoreshwa n’Imana” ibyo ari byo byose.

Umuhanuzikazi wa Gatatu

A Third Prophetess

Umugore wa gatatu uboneka mu Isezerano rya Kera nk’umuhanuzikazi wari wubashywe ni Hulida. Imana yamukoresheje mu guha umugabo ihishurirwa rizima ry’ubuhanuzi n’umuyoboro w’uko ibintu bigomba gukorwa, uwo ni umwami w’Abayuda Yosiya wari uhagaritse umutima atazi icyo agomba gukora (reba 2 Abami 22). Na none aha tubona urugero rw’aho Imana ikoresha umugore kuyobora umugabo. Birashoboka cyane ko Hulida yajyaga akoreshwa n’Imana muri ubwo buryo kenshi, naho ubundi ntabwo Yosiya aba yarizeye ako kageni ibyo amubwiye.

Ariko se kuki Imana yahamagaye Miriyamu, Debora na Hulida nk’abahanuzikazi? Mbese ntiba yarahamagaye abagabo mu cyimbo cyabo?

Ni byo koko rwose Imana yari guhamagara abagabo bagakora neza neza nk’ibyo abo bagore batatu bakoze. Ariko si ko yabigenje. Kandi nta muntu n’umwe uzi impamvu. Icyo twakagombye kwigira kuri ibi ni uko tugomba kwitonda cyane tukirinda gushyirira Imana ho imipaka ku bijyanye n’abo ihamagara mu murimo. Nubwo ubusanzwe Imana mu Isezerano rya Kera yarobanuriraga abagabo umurimo w’ubuyobozi, hari igihe na none yatoranyaga abagore.

Hanyuma kandi, urabona ko muri izo ngero zigaragara cyane uko ari eshatu z’abakozi b’Imana b’abagore, bari abahanuzikazi. Hari imirimo imwe mu Isezerano rya Kera abagore batahamagarirwaga. Urugero, nta mugore wahamagarirwaga kuba umutambyi. Nuko rero hari imirimo imwe n’imwe Imana yahariraga abagabo gusa.

Abagore mu Murimo w’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya

(Women in Ministry in the New Testament)

Ikintu gishimishije ni uko na none tubona mu Isezerano Rishya, umugore wahamagawe n’Imana kuba umuhanuzikazi. Igihe Yesu yari akiri agahinja k’iminsi micye, Ana yaramumenye atangira kwamamaza ko ari we Mesiya:

Hariho n’umuhanuzikazi witwaga Ana, mwene Fanuweli wo mu muryango wa Asheri, yari umukecuru wa kera. Amaze gushyingirwa yamaranye n’umugabo we imyaka irindwi, noneho amara imyaka mirongo inani n’ine ari umupfakazi. Yahoraga mu rusengero aramya Imana, yiyiriza ubusa, asenga ku manywa na nijoro. Muri uwo mwanya na we araza ashima Imana, avuga ibya Yesu abibwira bose abari bategereje gucungurwa kw’i Yerusalemu (Luka 2:36-38).

Urabona ko Ana yavuze ibya Yesu abibwira bose “abari bategereje gucungurwa kw’i Yerusalemu.” Birumvikana ko n’abagabo barimo. Ubwo rero umuntu ashobora kuvuga ko Ana yariho yigisha abagabo ibya Kristo.

Hari abandi bagore mu Isezerano Rishya Imana yakoresheje mu mpano y’ubuhanuzi. Mariya nyina wa Yesu na we nta gushidikanya ko ari muri abo (reba Luka 1:46-55). Igihe cyose amagambo y’ubuhanuzi amagambo y’ubuhanuzi ya Mariya asomewe mu iteraniro mu rusengero, umuntu ashobora kuvuga ko ari umugore uriho yigisha itorero. (Kandi ku buryo budasubirwaho Imana yahaye icyubahiro umugore mu kohereza Umwana wayo mu isi aciye mu mugore, kandi yashoboraga kubikora mu zindi nzira nyinshi.)

Urutonde rurakomeza. Imana yari yaravugiye mu kanwa k’umuhanuzi Yoweli ko igihe Imana izasuka Umwuka wayo, abahungu n’abakobwa ba Isirayeli bazahanura (reba Yoweli 2:28). Petero yahamije ko ubuhanuzi bwa Yoweli bwavugaga ku Isezerano Rishya (reba Ibyak 2:17).

Mu gitabo cy’Ibyak 21:8-9 tubwirwa ko umuvugabutumwa Filipo yari afite abakobwa bane b’abahanuzikazi.

Pawulo yanditse ku by’abagore bahanura mu materaniro y’itorero (reba 1 Kor. 11:5). Biragaragara neza iyo usomye icyo gice ko habaga hari abagabo.

Hamwe n’izo ngero zose z’Ibyanditswe z’abagore bakoreshwa n’Imana nk’abahanuzikazi kandi ikabakoresha mu guhanura, nta mpamvu n’imwe rwose twaba tugifite yo kurwanya igitekerezo cy’uko Imana ishobora gukoresha abagore muri bene iyo mirimo! Byongeye kandi, nta kintu na kimwe cyatuma tuvuga ko abagore batahanurira abagabo mu izina ry’Uwiteka.

Abapastori b’Abagore?

(Women as Pastors?)

Tuvuge iki ku bagore bakora umurimo w’ubushumba? Biragaragara neza ko umurimo wo kuba pastori/umukuru w’itorero/umwepiskopi Imana yawuteganirije abagabo:

Iri jambo ni iryo kwizerwa ngo: umuntu (umugabo) nashaka kuba umwepisikopi, aba yifuje umurimo mwiza. Nuko umwepisikopi akwiriye kuba inyangamugayo, no kuba umugabo w’umugore umwe (1 Tim. 3:1-2).

Icyatumye ngusiga i Kirete ni ukugira ngo utunganye ibyasigaye bidatunganye, kandi ngo ushyire abakuru b’Itorero mu midugudu yose nk’uko nagutegetse. Ibyo ni ukuvuga abagabo batariho umugayo bafite umugore umwe (Tito 1:5-6).

Pawulo ntiyerura ngo avuge ko bibujijwe ko abagore bakora uwo murimo, ubwo rero natwe twabyitondamo ntidufate umwanzuro wa burundu ko bitemewe rwose. Biragaragara ko hari abapastori benshi/abakuru b’Itorero/ abepisikopi b’abagore hirya no hino mu isi muri iki gihe kandi bakora umurimo wabo neza cyane, by’umwihariko mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, ariko baracyari bacye cyane bikabije. Ahari wenda rimwe na rimwe Imana ijya ihamagara abagore kuri uyu murimo ku bw’impamvu z’ubwenge bw’ubwami bwayo cyangwa se igihe abagabo bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo bakore umurimo w’ubuyobozi babuze. Biranashoboka ko abapastori benshi b’abagore baboneka mu mubiri wa Kristo muri iki gihe baba mu by’ukuri barahamagariwe indi mirimo Bibiliya yemerera abagore, nk’umurimo w’ubuhanuzi, ariko imiterere y’Itorero muri iki gihe ikaba ituma bakora umurimo wabo ari uko gusa babaye abapastori.

Kuki intebe ya pastori/umukuru w’Itorero/umwepisikopi yagenewe abagabo? Gusobanukirwa imikorere y’uwo muhamagaro byadufasha gusobanukirwa. Kimwe mu bisabwa ku mupastori /umukuru w’Itorero/umwepisikopi ni uko,

Agomba kuba ategeka neza abo mu rugo rwe, agatera abana be kumvira no kubaha rwose (Mbese utazi gutegeka abo mu rugo rwe yabasha ate kurinda Itorero ry’Imana?)” (1 Tim. 3:4-5).

Ibi bintu bisabwa bituma bisobanuka neza kumenya ko umukuru w’Itorero wo mu Isezerano Rishya yabaga ashinzwe Itorero ryo mu rugo rito. Umurimo we wabaga umeze nk’uwa se w’abana uko ayobora urugo rwe. Ibi bidufasha kumva impamvu umurimo w’ubushumba wakagombye gukorwa n’umugabo–kuko bifitanye isano cyane n’imiterere y’umuryango kuko, iyo uhuje n’uko Imana yawugambiriye, wakagombye kuyoborwa n’umugabo mu rugo, ntabwo ari umugore. Turaza kubikomeza hanyuma.

Intumwa z’Abagore?

(Women as Apostles?)

Twabonye ko abagore bashobora kuzuza neza inshingano zo kuba abahanuzikazi (niba barahamagawe n’Imana). Bimeze bite ku bundi bwoko bw’imirimo? Gusoma intashyo za Pawulo ziri mu Abaroma 16 aho ashima abagore bamwe bakoze umurimo w’Imana bitangira ubwami bw’Imana biratumurikira mu gusobanukirwa. Hari n’ushobora kuba yarashyizwe ku rutonde nk’intumwa. Mu mirongo y’Ibyanditswe bikurikira bitatu, nanditse n’utunyuguti duto tuberamye amazina yose y’abagore:

Mbashimiye Foyibe mushiki wacu ari we mudiyakonikazi w’Itorero ry’I Kenkireya, ngo mumwakire kubw’Umwami wacu nk’uko bikwiriye abera, kandi mumufashe mu byo azabashakaho byose, kuko na we yafashije benshi barimo jye (Rom 16:1-2).

Mbega gutangira umuntu ubuhamya! Ntabwo tuzi neza umurimo Foyibe yakoraga, ariko Pawulo amwita “umukozi mu Itorero ry’i Kenkireya” kandi ati”uwafashije benshi,” na we arimo. Ibyo yakoreraga Umwami byose, bigomba kuba byari bikomeye kugeza ubwo Pawulo yandika urwandiko rwo kumutangira ubuhamya ku Itorero ry’i Roma ryose.

Ubukurikiraho turasoma ibya Purisika (Purisikila), we n’umugabo we Akwila, bakoraga umurimo ukomeye ku buryo ab’amatorero y’abanyamahanga bose babashimaga:

Muntahirize Purisikila na Akwila bakoranye nanjye muri Kristo Yesu, kandi bemeye gutanga imitwe yabo gucibwa kugira ngo bankize. Si jye jyenyine ubashima, ahubwo n’amatorero yo mu banyamahanga yose arabashima. Muntahirize Itorero ryo mu rugo rwabo, muntahirize na Epayineto uwo nkunda, ari we muganura w’abo muri Asiya bahindukiriye Kristo. Muntahirize Mariya wabakoreye cyane. Muntahirize na Andironiko na Yuniya [nk’uko Bibiliya KJV imwita ryaba ari izina ry’igitsina gore, naho Yuniyasi ni iry’igitsina gabo]dusangiye ubwoko, bari babohanywe nanjye ari ibirangirire mu ntumwa. Ni bo bambanjirije muri Kristo (Rom. 16:3-7).

Ku byerekeye Juniyasi, byaba bifite ishingiro umuntu avuze umuntu wari “ikirangirire mu ntumwa” na we nta kabuza yari intumwa. Niba abasobanuye bavuga Juniya barasobanuye neza, ubwo rero yari intumwa y’umugore. Purisikila na Mariya bari abakozi b’Umwami.

Muntahirize Ampuliyato uwo nkunda mu Mwami wacu. Muntahirize Urubano ukorana natwe muri Kristo, na Sitaku uwo nkunda. Muntahirize Apele wemewe muri Kristo. Muntahirize abo mu bo kwa Arisitobulo. Muntahirize Herodiyoni dusangiye ubwoko. Muntahirize abo mu bo kwa Narukiso bari mu Mwami wacu. Muntahirize Tirufayina na Tirufosa bakorera mu Mwami wacu. Muntahirize Perusi ukundwa, wakoreye mu Mwami cyane. Muntahirize Rufo watoranijwe mu Mwami, na nyina ni nka mama. Muntahirize Asunkirito na Fulegoni, na Herume na Petiroba, na Heruma na bene Data bari hamwe na bo. Muntahirize Filologo na Yuliya, na Neru na mushiki we, na Olumpa n’abera bose bari hamwe na bo. (Rom. 16:8-15).

Biragaragara neza ko abagore bashobora kuba “abakozi” mu murimo w’Imana.

Abigisha b’Abagore?

(Women as Teachers?)

Iby’abigisha b’abagore byo bimeze bite? Isezerano Rishya ntirivuga n’umwe. Ariko nyine nta n’umugabo uvugwa mu Isezerano Rishya wahamagariwe umurimo w’ubwigisha. Purisikila (umaze kuvugwa haruguru uzwi kandi ku izina rya Purisika), umugore wa Akwila, yajyaga yigisha ku rwego rworoheje. Urugero, igihe we n’umugabo we Akwila bumvaga ko Apolo agenda abwiriza ubutumwa ariko butuzuye neza muri Efeso, “Bamujyana iwabo, bamusobanurira inzira y’Imana kugira ngo arusheho kuyimenya neza” (Ibyak 18:26). Ntawajya impaka z’uko Purisikila yafashije umugabo we kwigisha Apolo, umugabo. Ikigeretseho kandi, Pawulo avuga Purisikila na Akwila incuro ebyiri mu Byanditswe igihe yandika ku “Itorero ryo mu rugo rwabo” (reba Rom. 16:3-5; 1 Kor. 16:19), kandi bombi abita “abakozi bagenzi be muri Kristo” mu Abaroma 16:3. Ntidushidikanya cyane ko Purisikila yari yafatanyaga n’umugabo we gukora umurimo w’Imana.

Igihe Yesu Yatumaga Abagore Kujya Kwigisha Abagabo

(When Jesus Commanded Women to Teach Men)

Mbere y’uko tuvuga ku magambo ya Pawulo ku byerekeye guceceka kw’abagore mu materaniro y’Itorero no kubuza abagore kwe ngo ntibakigishe abagabo, reka turebe ikindi Cyanditswe kiza kudufasha kubihuza neza.

Yesu amaze kuzuka, marayika yatumye abagore batatu nibura kujya kwigiisha abigishwa ba Yesu b’abagabo. Abo bagore batumwe kujya kubwira abigishwa ko Yesu yazutse kandi ko ari bubiyereke i Galilaya. Ariko si ibyo gusa. Nyuma yaho gato, Yesu ubwe yiyeretse ba bagore abategeka kujya kubwira abigishwa ngo bajye I Galilaya (reba Mat 28:1-10; Mar 16:1-7).

Ubwa mbere, ndibwira ko bifite icyo bivuze kuba Yesu yarabanje kwiyereka abagore hanyuma akabona kwiyereka abagabo. Ubwa kabiri, niba ari ikosa mu buryo bw’imyizerere cyangwa ubw’imyifatire ko umugore yigisha abagabo, umuntu yavuga ko Yesu atari kuba yarohereje abagore kujya kwigisha abagabo ibyo kuzuka kwe, ntabwo ari ukujya kubibamenyesha gusa, ibyo ni ibintu bito cyane yashoboraga no kubibimenyeshereza ubwe (kandi koko yaje kubikora). Nta muntu wajya impaka kuri ibi: Umwami Yesu yabwiye abagore kujya kwigisha abagabo ihame rikomeye no kubaha amabwiriza amwe y’umwuka.

Ibice by’Ibyanditswe Byabaye Ikibazo

(The Problem Passages)

Noneho ubwo hari ubumenyi dufite ku byo Bibiliya ivuga ku nshingano z’abagore mu murimo w’Imana, dushobora kurushaho gusobanura “ibice byabaye ikibazo” mu nyandiko za Pawulo. Reka tubanze turebe amagambo ye ku byerekeye abagore gucecekera mu materaniro:

Abagore nibacecekere mu materaniro, kuko batemererwa kuvuga, ahubwo baganduke nk’uko amategeko na yo avuga. Kandi nibagira icyo bashaka kumenya babibarize abagabo babo imuhira, kuko biteye isoni ko umugore avugira mu iteraniro (1 Kor. 14:34-35).

Bamwe bibaza, ku bw’impamvu nyinshi zikomatanije, niba koko aya ari amabwiriza ya Pawulo cyangwa niba yarasubiragamo gusa ibyo Abakorinto bari bamwandikiye. Biragaragara neza mu gice cya kabiri cy’uru rwandiko, ko Pawulo yasubizaga ibibazo Abakorinto bari bamubajije mu rwandiko bari bohereje (reba 1 Kor. 7:1, 25; 8:1; 12:1; 16:1, 12).

Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, mu murongo ukurikiraho, Pawulo yandika icyo umuntu yavuga ko ari ibyo atekereza kuri ayo mategeko akaze y’Abakorinto yo gucecekesha abagore mu materaniro:

Mbese kuri mwe ni ho ijambo ry’Imana ryaturutse? Cyangwa ryageze kuri mwe mwenyine? (1 Kor. 14:36).

Bibiliya yitirirwa King James isobanura uyu murongo mu buryo wumva ko Pawulo ndetse atangazwa n’iyo myitwarire y’Abakorinto:

Ngo iki? Ijambo ry’Imana se ryaturutse kuri mwe? Cyangwa ryaje kuri mwe gusa? (1 Kor. 14:36).

Uko biri kose, Pawulo biragaragara ko abaza ibibazo bibiri byo kubaza ibyo azi, ashaka gusa gusobanura neza. Igisubizo kuri ibyo bibazo byombi ni Oya. Abakorinto si bo ijambo ry’Imana ryaturutseho, nta n’ubwo ari bo bonyine ryagejejweho. Ibibazo bya Pawulo biragaragara ko ari ibyari bigamije gucyaha ubwibone bwabo. Niba ibi ari byo atekereza ku mirongo ya mbere ibanjirije ibyo bibazo, kwari nko kubabwira ngo, “Mwibwira ko muri ba nde? Kuva ryari mwahawe ububasha bwo kugena uwo Imana igomba gukoresha mu kuvuga ijambo ryayo n’uwo itagomba gukoresha? Imana ishatse yakoresha abagore, muri abapfu kubona mubacecekesha.”

Iyi nsobanuro wumva ifite ishingiro iyo wibutse ko Pawulo, muri uru rwandiko nyine, yari yamaze kwandika avuga uburyo bwiza abagore bakwiriye gukurikiza bahanura mu materaniro (reba 1 Kor. 11:5), ibyo ni ibintu bitabasaba guceceka. Byongeye kandi, nyuma y’imirongo mike gusa uvuye kuri iyi twigaho, Pawulo ahamagarira Abakorinto bose,[2] n’abagore barimo “kwifuza cyane impano y’ubuhanuzi” (1 Kor. 14:39). Yaba rero yivuguruje cyane niba koko yari yashyizeho itegeko ritegeka abagore gucecekera mu materaniro muri 14:34-35.

Ubundi buryo bushoboka

(Other Possibilities)

Ariko reka tube dufashe ko amagambo ari mu 1 Abakorinto 14:34-35 yavuzwe na Pawulo koko, ategeka abagore guceceka. Twasobanura dute noneho ibyo avuga?

Na none twakwibaza impamvu Pawulo yategetse ko abagore bacecekera mu materaniro mu gihe yavuze muri urwo rwandiko nyine ko bashobora gusenga no guhanura mu materaniro.

Ikindi kandi, Pawulo yari azi ha handi hose twamaze kubona muri Bibiliya havuga uko Imana yakoresheje abagore mu kuvuga ijambo ryayo mu ruhame, kandi babwira abagabo. Ni mpamvu ki yari gucecekesha abo Imana yari yaragiye kenshi isiga amavuta ngo bavuge?

Rwose ku muntu utekereza neza wese arumva ko Pawulo atashoboraga kuvuga ko abagore bagomba guceceka rwose buri gihe cyose itorero riteranye. Wibuke ko itorero rya mbere ryateraniraga mu Ngo kandi bagasangira ibyo kurya. Tuvuge se ko abagore bacecekaga rwose ntibagire akajambo na kamwe bavuga kuva binjiye mu nzu kugeza batashye? Ko batavugaga bategura amafunguro cyangwa igihe basangira? Ko ntacyo babwiraga abana babo kumara icyo gihe cyose bahamaraga? Igitekerezo nk’icyo cyaba ari ubupfapfa.

Niba aho “babiri cyangwa batatu bateraniye” mu izina rya Yesu aba ari hagati yabo (reba Mat 18:20), kandi iryo ni iteraniro ry’itorero, noneho se ubwo aho abagore babiri cyangwa batatu bateraniye mu izina rya Yesu, ntibagomba kuvugana?

Oya, niba 1 Abakorinto 14:34-35 ari amabwirizwa ya Pawulo koko, yakemuraga gusa akabazo gato kajyanye na gahunda mu matorero. Abagore bamwe ntibagiraga gahunda mu buryo babazamo ibibazo. Pawulo ntiyavugaga ko abagore bagomba guceceka rwose kumara igihe cyose cy’amateraniro, nk’uko atavugaga ko abahanuzi bagomba guceceka rwose kugeza igihe amateraniro arangiriye, ubwo yahaga abahanuzi amabwiriza asa n’ayo mu mirongo mike mbere y’uko avuga ku bagore:

Ariko undi [muhanuzi] wicaye nashoka ahishurirwa, uwabanje ahore (1Kor. 14:30).

Ahangaha, ijambo “ahore” risobanura “kuba aretse kuvuga.”

Pawulo na none yabwiye abavuga mu ndimi guceceka igihe nta muntu wo gusobanura izo ndimi uri mu iteraniro:

Ariko nihaba hatariho usobanura, uvuga ururimi nacecekere mu iteraniro; yibwire kandi abwire Imana mu mutima we (1 Kor. 14:28).

Mbese Pawulo yabwiraga bene abo guceceka rwose kumara igihe cyose cy’amateraniro? Oya, yababwiraga gusa guceceka bakareka kuvuga mu ndimi igihe hatariho usobanura. Urabona ko Pawulo yababwiye “gucecekera mu iteraniro,” ari na yo mabwiriza yahaye abagore mu 1 Kor. 14:34-35. None se kuki twasobanura amagambo ya Pawulo yavuze abwira abagore tukavuga ko yavugaga ko “bagomba guceceka kugeza amateraniro arangiye,” ariko tugasobanura amagambo ye yavuze abwira abatubahiriza gahunda mu kuvuga mu ndimi ko yavugaga ko ari “ukuba baretse kuvuga mu bihe runaka by’amateraniro”?

Hanyuma kandi, umenye ko Pawulo atabwiraga abagore bose muri ibi Byanditswe twigaho. Amagambo ye arebana gusa n’abagore bafite abagabo, kuko bahugurirwa “kubaza abagabo babo imuhira” niba hari ibyo bashaka kubaza.[3] Wenda kimwe mu byateraga ibibazo ni uko abagore bafite abagabo babazaga ibibazo abandi bagabo baciye ku bagabo babo bari kumwe. Ibintu nk’ibyo bishobora kutagaragara neza, ndetse bishobora no kugaragaza ko nta cyubahiro umugore afitiye umugabo we kandi ko atamugandukira. Niba icyo ari cyo kibazo Pawulo yakemuraga, yaba ari yo mpamvu yashingiraga impuguro ye kuri icyo kintu cy’uko abagore bagomba kuganduka (birumvikana ko ari ukugandukira abagabo babo) nk’uko Amategeko abigaragaza mu buryo bwinshi uhereye ku mpapuro zibanza z’igitabo cy’Itangiriro (reba 1 Kor. 14:34).

Muri make, niba koko Pawulo atanga amabwiriza yerekeye guceceka kw’abagore mu 1 Abakorinto 14:34-35, arabwira abagore bafite abagabo guceceka bakareka kubaza ibibazo mu gihe kidakwiye cyangwa mu buryo budahesheje abagabo babo icyubahiro. Naho ubundi bashobora guhanura, gusenga no kuvuga.

Ibindi Byanditswe Byabaye ikibazo

(The Other Problem Passage)

Turebe ubwanyuma, ikindi gice cy’ “Ibyanditswe byabaye ikibazo,” kiri mu rwandiko rwa mbere Pawulo yandikiye Timoteyo:

Umugore yigane ituza aganduke rwose, kuko nanga ko umugore yigisha cyangwa ngo ategeke umugabo, ahubwo agire ituza kuko Adamu ari we wabanje kuremwa nyuma hagakurikiraho Eva. Kandi Adamu si we wayobejwe, ahubwo umugore ni we wayobejwe rwose ahinduka umunyabicumuro (1 Tim. 2:11-14).

Nta gushidikanya Pawulo yari azi Miriyamu, Debora, Hulida na Ana, abahanuzikazi bane bavugishijwe n’Imana babwira abagabo n’abagore, bakabigisha neza babasobanurira ubushake bw’Imana. Kandi rwose yari azi ko Debora, wabaye umucamanza wa Isirayeli, yagize ububasha bwo gutegeka abagabo n’abagore ku rwego runaka. Ntidushidikanya ko yari azi neza ko ku munsi wa Pentekote Imana yasutse Umwuka wayo, igasohoza bumwe mu buhanuzi bwa Yoweli bw’iminsi y’imperuka ubwo Imana izasuka Umwuka wayo ku bafite umubiri bose abahungu n’abakobwa bagahanura ijambo ry’Imana. Yari azi neza ko hari abagore Yesu yatumye kumuhera ubutumwa intumwa ze z’abagabo. Yari azi kandi amagambo yivugiye ubwe umuntu yavuga ko yemereraga abagore gusenga no guhanura mu materaniro igihe yatangaga umurongo w’uburyo bagomba kubikoramo. Nta gushidikanya ko yibukaga amagambo yabwiye Abakorinto abawira ko buri wese muri bo ashobora guhabwa n’Umwuka Wera ijambo ryo kwigisha abandi (reba 1 Kor. 14:26). None se ni iki yashakaga kubwira Timoteyo amwandikira aya magambo?

Urabona ko Pawulo mu mabwiriza atanga ashingira ku bintu bibiri bifitanye isano byo mu gitabo cy’Itangiriro: (1) Adamu yaremwe mbere ya Eva kandi (2) Eva ni we wayobejwe hanyuma aracumura , ntabwo ari Adamu. Icya mbere kerekana isano nyayo iri hagati y’umugabo n’umugore we. Nk’uko tubyigishwa na gahunda y’iremwa, umugabo ni we ugomba kuba umutwe, kandi ibyo Pawulo hari n’ahandi abyigisha (reba 1 Kor. 11:3; Ef 5:23-24).

Icya kabiri Pawulo avuga ntabwo ari ikigamije kumvikanisha ko abagore bayobywa kurusha abagabo, kuko atari ko bimeze. Mu by’ukuri ahubwo kuko hari abagore benshi kurusha abagabo mu mubiri wa Kristo, umuntu yanavuga ko abagabo ari bo bashobora kuba bayobywa kurusha abagore. Ahubwo icyo kindi cya kabiri yavuze cyerekana ko iyo gahunda Imana yari yagambiriye mu muryango idakurikijwe, Satani abona aho yinjirira. Ibibazo kiremwa muntu byatangiriye mu ngobyi ya Edeni igihe imibanire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore we yataga umurongo–Umugore w’Adamu ntiyamugandukiye. Adamu agomba kuba yarabwiye umugore we amabwiriza Imana yabahaye ku giti babujijwe gusoromaho imbuto (reba Itang 2:16-17; 3:2-3). Ariko umugore ntiyubahirije amabwiriza. Mu buryo runaka ndetse hari ubutware yagize ku mugabo we asa n’umutegeka kurya imbuto babujijwe (reba Itang 3:6). Ntabwo aho ari Adamu wari uyoboye Eva; Eva ni we wari uyoboye Adamu. Icyavuye muri ibyo ni amakuba.

Itorero–Urugero rw’Umuryango

(The Church–A Model of the Family)

Gahunda Imana yashatse ko ikurikizwa mu muryango Itorero ni ryo ryakagombye rwose kuyerekana. Nk’uko nabivuze mbere, ni ngombwa gukomeza kwibuka ko mu myaka maganatatu ya mbere y’amateka y’Itorero, amateraniro y’itorero babaga aria bantu bake. Bateraniraga mu Ngo/mu mazu. Pastori/umukuru w’Itorero/abepisikopi bari nka ba se b’abana/abapapa mu rugo. Iyi miterere y’itorero ivuye ku Mana yasaga cyane n’imiterere y’umuryango, kandi mu by’ukuri wari umuryango w’umwuka ku buryo uramutse uyobowe n’umugore byari gutanga ubutumwa butari bwo ari ku miryango igize iryo torero ari no ku yindi miryango hanze y’Itorero. Tekereza umupastori/umukuru w’itorero/umwepiskopi w’umugore ahora yigisha mu itorero ryo mu rugo, umugabo we yicaye aho atuje yubashye, ateze amatwi inyigisho z’umugore we aciye bugufi munsi y’ubutware bwe. Ibyo byari kuba birwanya gahunda y’Imana mu muryango, kandi urwo ni urugero rubi rwari kuba rutanzwe.

Icyo ni cyo amagambo ya Pawulo akosora. Urabona ko aya magambo akurikiranye cyane n’aho yavugaga ibyangombwa umukuru w’itorero agomba kuba yujuje (reba 1 Tim. 3:1-7), kandi kimwe muri ibyo byangombwa ni uko umuntu agomba kuba ari umugabo. Kandi umuntu agomba no kumenya ko abakuru b’Itorero bagombaga guhora bigisha mu itorero (reba 1 Tim. 5:17). Amagambo ya Pawulo rero ku bijyanye n’abagore gutega amatwi batuje kandi ko batemerewe kwigisha no gutegeka abagabo ni amagambo ajyanye na gahunda nyayo ikwiriye kuba mu itorero. Ibyo avuga ko bidakwiriye ni umugore kuba umukuru w’itorero/pastori/cyangwa umwepisikopi.

Ibi ntabwo bivuga ko umugore, igihe abikoreye munsi y’ubutware bw’umugabo we, adashobora gusenga, guhanura, guhabwa ijambo n’Umwuka Wera ngo aribwire itorero, cyangwa ngo avuge muri rusange mu materaniro. Ibi byose ashobora kubikora mu itorero kandi adahungabanyije gahunda Imana yagennye, nk’uko ashobora kubikora mu rugo kandi ntahungabanye gahunda Imana yagambiriye. Ibyo yabujijwe gukora mu itorero ntaho bitaniye urebye n’ibyo yabujijwe gukora mu rugo–gutegeka/kugira ubutware ku mugabo we.

Hanyuma tunabona mu mirongo ikurikiraho ko abagore bashobora gukora umurimo w’ubudiyakoni nk’abagabo (reba 1 Tim. 3:12). Gukora umurimo w’ubudiyakoni, cyangwa kuba umugaragu/umuja nk’uko iryo jambo risobanura koko, ntibisaba kwica gahunda Imana yashyizeho hagati y’umugabo n’umugore.

Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine mbona bwo guhuza amagambo ya Pawulo ari muri 1 Timoteyo 2:11-14 n’icyo ibindi Byanditswe bivuga. Ahandi twagiye tureba muri Bibiliya havuga ku bagore mu murimo w’Imana ntahagaragara nk’ikitegererezo cy’umuryango nk’uko itorero ryo riri, kandi ku bw’ibyo ntahandi hagaragara ko gahunda y’Imana ku muryango yahungabanye. Nta nahamwe dusanga urugero rubi rw’abagore bategeka abagabo babo mu mikorere y’umuryango. Na none wongere utekereze itaraniro imiryango itandukanye yahuriyemo maze umugore muri urwo rugo akaba ari we muyobozi, yigisha, ahagarikiye gahunda zose mu gihe umugabo we nyirurugo yicaye aho ateze amatwi yicishije bugufi munsi y’ubuyobozi bw’umugore we. Ibi si byo Imana ishaka, kuko birwanya gahunda yayo ku muryango.

Nyamara Debora kuba umucamanza muri Isirayeli, Ana kubwira abagabo ibya Kristo, Mariya na bagenzi be kujya kubwira intumwa ibyo kuzuka kwa Kristo, nta na kimwe muri ibi gitanga ubutumwa butari bwo cyangwa kigaragara nk’urugero rubi rwa gahunda y’Imana ku bumwe bw’umuryango. Amateraniro asanzwe y’itorero ni imikorere ishobora kubamo akaga ko gutanga ubutumwa bubi igihe abagore ari bo bafite ubutware ku bagabo babo.

Umwanzuro

(In Conclusion)

Iyo twibajije iki kibazo gusa tuti, “Ni makosa ki akomeye abagore gukora umurimo w’Imana, bagafasha abandi babikuye ku mutima w’imbabazi kandi bakoresha impano bahawe n’Imana? Mbese ni uwuhe muco mwiza cyangwa ikinyabupfura byaba byishe?” Duhita tubona ko ihame rimwe gusa ryapfa, byaba igihe gusa uko gukora umurimo w’Imana k’umugore byaba bihungabanya gahunda Imana yashatse mu muryango ku mibanire hagati y’umugabo n’umugore. Muri bya bice byombi by'”Ibyanditswe byabaye ikibazo” turiho twigaho, Pawulo impungenge ze zishingiye ku kuba gahunda y’Imana ku muryango yahungabana.

Nuko rero tubona ko abagore hari ibyo babujijwe mu murimo w’Imana ariko mu buryo budahambaye. Mu bundi buryo bwinshi, Imana ikeneye gukoresha abagore ku bw’icyubahiro cyayo, kandi yakomeje kubikora kuva imyaka ibihumbi. Bibiliya ivuga ahantu henshi abagore bagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere ubwami bw’Imana, kandi hamwe twamaze kuhabona. Reka twe kwibagirwa ko bamwe mu ncuti z’inkoramutima za Yesu bari abagore (reba Yohana 11:5), kandi ko abagore babaye abaterankunga b’umurimo (reba Luka 8:1-3), kandi nta mugabo tubona ko yateye inkunga mu buryo bw’umutungo umurimo wa Yesu. Wa mugore wo ku iriba ry’i Samariya yaragiye abwira abagabo bo mu mudugudu w’iwabo ibya Kristo kandi benshi baramwizera (reba Yohana 4:28-30, 39). Umugore w’umwigishwa witwaga Tabita avugwaho ko “yagiraga imirimo myiza myinshi n’ubuntu bwinshi” (Ibyak 9:36). Umugore ni we wasize Yesu amavuta amutegurira guhambwa, kandi igihe abagabo bamwe bamwitotomberaga Yesu yaramushyigikiye amutangira ubuhamya (reba Mariko 14:3-9). Hanyuma ndetse, Bibiliya ivuga ko abagore ari bo baririye Yesu igihe yari ahetse umusaraba agwa abyuka mu mihanda y’i Yerusalemu, ariko nta mugabo n’umwe twumva ko yamuririye. Izi ngero n’izindi nyinshi nka zo zikwiye gutera ishyaka abagore bagahaguruka bagasohoza imirimo Imana yabahamagariye. Turabakeneye bose!

 


[1] Ikindi twavuga kandi ni uko buri mugabo wese kuva aho Imana imariye kurema Adamu nyuma Imana yaremye umugore ngo abyare umugabo. Buri mugabo wese nyuma ya Adamu akomoka ku mugore, nk’uko Pawulo abitwibutsa mu 1 Abakorinto 11:11-12. Mu by’ukuri ntawavuga ko ubu buryo bw’Imana mu gukurikiranya ibintu busobanura ko abagabo bari hasi ya ba nyina bababyara.

[2] Iyo mpuguro ya Pawulo yari ayigeneye “bene Data,” ijambo akoresha incuro 27 muri uru rwandiko, kandi rivuga mu buryo busobanutse neza Abakristo bose b’i Korinto, ntabwo ari abagabo gusa.

[3] Twibuke ko mu Kigiriki cy’umwimerere, nta magambo yabagaho atandukanya umugore muri rusange nk’igitsina gore n’umugore bivuga umugore ufite umugabo cyangwa umugabo muri rusange n’umugabo bivuga umugabo ufite umugore Nuko rero bisaba kureba muri rusange rw’inkuru icyo umwanditsi yashakaga kuvuga niba ari abagore n’abagabo muri rusange cyangwa niba ari abagore n’abagabo bishatse kuvuga abafite abo bashakanye. Muri ibi Byanditswe twarebaga, Pawulo arabwira abagore bafite abagabo, akababwira ko bagomba kubariza abagabo babo imuhira.